經驗交流分享與備忘

在Linux桌面需要輸入中文卻沒有中文輸入法的時候是很頭痛的事情

這邊分享如何安裝中文輸入法？

首先, 進入終端機模式輸入指令 就安裝完成！

sudo apt-get install ibus ibus-clutter ibus-gtk ibus-gtk3 ibus-qt4

im-config -s ibus

在Linux中用xl2tpd建立L2TP协议的VPN连接需要两个配置文件，一个是给xl2tpd的配置文件，一个是给pppd的配置文件（xl2tpd会调用pppd）。

    为说明方便，我们假设我们要建立的VPN连接的名字为testvpn，连到的l2tp服务器地址为xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx，用户名为someone，密码为passwordstring。那么该xl2tpd的配置文件应该如下所示：

預設的 FreeBSD 中 ls 是沒有顏色的，這樣對檔案的操作及維護都會有不小的困擾 。 

如果你是系統管理者 

multicast routing
By default IPv6 multicast routing is disabled, so you have to explicitly configure it in rc.conf.  

Currently there are two IPv6 multicast routing daemons available in package or ports (pim6sd = PIM-SM and pim6dd = PIM-DM), but please keep in mind that they are not installed in FreeBSD-RELEASE by default due to its licensing issue.

[Mandatory]

-------/etc/rc.conf---------
mroute6d_enable="YES"           
# Do IPv6 multicast routing.  By default it's "NO".
mroute6d_program="/usr/local/sbin/pim6sd"
# Name of IPv6 multicast routing daemon.  
# You need to install it from package or port.
----------------------------

[Optional]
You can give arguments to IPv6 multicast routing daemon.  Normally
nothing is required.

-------/etc/rc.conf---------
mroute6d_flags="-d pim"
# debugging option for pim6sd
----------------------------

How do I configure IPv6 networking under FreeBSD 7.x server? How do I assign IPv6 IP address using command line utility?

IPv6 (IP next generation) can be easily configured under FreeBSD 7.x or 6.x. You need to know:

I have a FreeBSD machine running on a virtual machine. I am using SUN Virtual Box. I need to set static IP address to this machine. So that I can access this machine. Is there anyway to do this ?

in /etc/rc.conf:

ifconfig_em0="inet 192.168.0.254 netmask 255.255.255.0"
defaultrouter="192.168.0.1"

192.168.0.254 -- the machine IP,

命令形的 wireshark，有同 tcpdump

man tshark

捕包樹狀解析

tshark -V

十六進制，ASCII 解析

tshark -x

指定界面，保留檔名

tshark -i <界面> -w <檔名>

指定界面，保留檔名，指定重覆保留最大檔數量，停止捕包大小（有 －b 就有 －a？）

You probably know the situation: You love FreeBSD, you love ZFS as a filesystem (maybe even as the root filesystem?), but when it comes to virtualisation, FreeBSD users don't have a lot of choice.

That said, VirtualBox, which runs on quite a few platforms and is free, does perform rather well and offers many features, which most people aren't aware of: iSCSI support, Teleporting (aka live migration, even cross-platform), Virtio Net support, Ballooning, built-in solid VNC support (better than Xen's!), highly configurable device support (from disk controller types over chipsets and NICs).

Getting it to run on a FreeBSD 9.0 amd64 server (without any GUI) was less complicated than I thought. However, there are some minor things, which can easily be missed in therelevant chapter of the FreeBSD Handbook and the FreeBSD Wiki, and neither of them actually tells you how to start your first VM, which is anything but intuitive. (That can be automated later, though.)

Let me walk you through the required steps from installation to getting your first VM on the way.

If you'd like to comment, please do it on my related blog post. Thank you!

Q. Can you example how can I install telnet service or server under Linux or FreeBSD operating system?

A. TELNET (TELetype NETwork) is a network protocol used on the Internet or local area network LAN connections.

The telnetd program (telnet server) is a server which supports the DARPA telnet interactive communication protocol. Telnetd is normally invoked by the internet server inetd or xinetd for requests to connect to the telnet port as indicated by the /etc/services file. Usaually telnet listen on port TCP port 23.

Telnet in is insecure protocol and it is recommended that you use ssh server. But some time you really need telnet then first install telnet server as according to version of Linux distribution.

Q. How do I telnet as the root user?

A. This is really a bad idea as telnet is insecure, because passwords are sent as clear text format. Instead, you should use SSH for connections. I suggest that you use SSH to connect to a system instead of Telnet for security purposes. By default, for security purposes, the root user can not telnet. However, here is method in case you need root access via telnet:

Edit /etc/pam.d/login and /etc/pam.d/remote files using a text editor such as vi. Find the line that read as follows:

auth       required     pam_securetty.so

Comment it out by prefixing # symbol:

#auth       required     pam_securetty.so

Save and close the file. Now, you should be able to telnet to your system as the root user.

This assumes that you have grabbed a copy of the ubuntu hardy server
cd from the ubuntu.com website.

1. Install all dependent packages for CPAN
sudo  apt-get install build-essential

一直想搞一台git server做個版本控制，趁著今天颱風天，就把git server架在家裡的Synology NAS上吧！

1. 取得 Bootstrap

查表 http://forum.synology.com/wiki/index.php/What_kind_of_CPU_does_my_NAS_have 根據你的Synology NAS型號查詢

CPU型號以下載並安裝Bootstrap.

Small fix if You have an error when You try to turn on startup programs.

for example:

# chkconfig -s ssh on
/sbin/insserv: No such file or directory

Fix is simple, just to add symlink:

怎么把一个目录排除在htaccess规则之外

比如 所有子目录的文件全部做伪静态
而管理目录不需要~ 把它排除~ 
RewriteRule ([a-zA-Z0-9]*)/([a-zA-Z0-9]*)\.html $1/$2\.php

rsync stands for remote sync.

rsync is used to perform the backup operation in UNIX / Linux.

rsync utility is used to synchronize the files and directories from one location to another in an effective way. Backup location could be on local server or on remote server.

Important features of rsync

• Speed: First time, rsync replicates the whole content between the source and destination directories. Next time, rsync transfers only the changed blocks or bytes to the destination location, which makes the transfer really fast.
• Security: rsync allows encryption of data using ssh protocol during transfer.
• Less Bandwidth: rsync uses compression and decompression of data block by block at the sending and receiving end respectively. So the bandwidth used by rsync will be always less compared to other file transfer protocols.
• Privileges: No special privileges are required to install and execute rsync

Syntax

$ rsync options source destination

Source and destination could be either local or remote. In case of remote, specify the login name, remote server name and location.

Q:

How do I make Vi-Vim never use tabs (converting spaces to tabs, bad!), makes the tab key == 4 spaces, and automatically indent code after curly brace blocks like emacs does?

Also, how do I save these settings so I never have to input them again.

I've seen other questions related to this but it always seems to be a little off from what I want.